Preparation and photoluminescence ( PL) properties of zinc oxide ( ZnO) nanoparticles embedded in a lipophilic polymethyl methacrylate ( PMMA) matrix are reported in detail with an unbalanced sol - gel route. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope ( HRTEM) indicates that ZnO particles are highly crystallized, with a size of 5 - 6 nm and hexagonal wurtzite structure. During the sol - gel reaction, partial ester groups of R-COOCH3 in PMMA are hydrolyzed to form carboxylic ion groups, which chemisorb on the surface of ZnO nanoparticles to eliminate the defects; thus ZnO nanoparticles in the PMMA matrix exhibit complete ultraviolet ( UV) emissions, while emissions in the visible region are fully quenched.