Matrix metalloproteinase-8 regulates transforming growth factor-β1 levels in mouse tongue wounds and fibroblasts in vitro

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)-deficient mice (Mmp8-/-) exhibit delayed dermal wound healing, but also partly contradicting results have been reported. Using the Mmp8-/- mice we investigated the role of MMP-8 in acute wound healing of the mobile tongue, and analyzed the function of tongue fibroblasts in vitro. Interestingly, in the early phase the tongue wounds of Mmp8-/- mice healed faster than those of wild type (wt) mice resulting in significant difference in wound widths (P=0.001, 6-24 h). The Mmp8-/- wounds showed no change in myeloperoxidase positive myeloid cell count, but the level of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 was significantly increased (P=0.007) compared to the wt tongues. Fibroblasts cultured from wt tongues expressed MMP-8 and TGF-beta 1. However, higher TGF-beta 1 levels were detected in Mmp8-/- fibroblasts, and MMP-8 treatment decreased phosphorylated Smad-2 levels and a-smooth muscle actin expression in these fibroblasts suggesting reduced TGF-beta 1 signaling. Consistently, a degradation of recombinant TGF-beta 1 by MMP-8 decreased its ability to activate the signaling cascade in fibroblasts. Moreover, collagen gels with Mmp8-/- fibroblasts reduced more in size. We conclude that MMP-8 regulates tongue wound contraction rate and TGF-beta 1 levels. In vitro analyses suggest that MMP-8 may also play a role in regulating TGF-beta 1 signaling of stromal fibroblasts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.