Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T cell responses correlate with control of acute HIV-1 infection in macaques

Macaca nemestrina efficiently control acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-I) infection, The roles of helper (Th) and cytotoxic (CTL) T cells in controlling acute HIV-1 infection in both peripheral blood and lymph node mononuclear cells (PBMC and LNMC) were assessed in this model, Th and CTL responses to HIV-1 were detected within 2 weeks following HIV-1 infection, and CTL responses to HIV-1 antigens peaked at 4 weeks after infection (>100 HIV-specific CTL/10(6) PBMC), coincident with reductions of HIV-1 RNA and DNA levels in peripheral blood, HIV-l-specific Th and CTL were present in LNMC 6 weeks after infection, Although HIV-1 antibodies were detected 2 weeks after infection, maximal HIV-1 antibody responses were not generated until > 13 weeks after inoculation, Thus, T cell responses temporally correlate with control of HIV-1 in macaques. The induction of a brisk HIV-l-specific CTL response may have been facilitated by a persistent Th response.