A benchmark study on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids

被引：1005

作者：

Buongiorno, Jacopo ^{[1
]}

Venerus, David C. ^{[2
]}

Prabhat, Naveen ^{[1
]}

McKrell, Thomas ^{[1
]}

Townsend, Jessica ^{[3
]}

Christianson, Rebecca ^{[3
]}

Tolmachev, Yuriy V. ^{[4
]}

Keblinski, Pawel ^{[5
]}

Hu, Lin-wen ^{[1
]}

Alvarado, Jorge L. ^{[6
]}

Bang, In Cheol ^{[7
,8
]}

Bishnoi, Sandra W. ^{[2
]}

Bonetti, Marco ^{[9
]}

Botz, Frank ^{[10
]}

Cecere, Anselmo ^{[11
]}

Chang, Yun ^{[12
]}

Chen, Gany ^{[1
]}

Chen, Haisheng ^{[13
]}

Chung, Sung Jae ^{[14
]}

Chyu, Minking K. ^{[14
]}

Das, Sarit K. ^{[15
]}

Di Paola, Roberto ^{[11
]}

Ding, Yulong ^{[13
]}

Dubois, Frank ^{[16
]}

Dzido, Grzegorz ^{[17
]}

Eapen, Jacob ^{[18
]}

Escher, Werner ^{[19
,20
]}

Funfschilling, Denis ^{[21
]}

Galand, Quentin ^{[16
]}

Gao, Jinwei ^{[1
]}

Gharagozloo, Patricia E. ^{[22
]}

Goodson, Kenneth E. ^{[22
]}

Gutierrez, Jorge Gustavo ^{[23
]}

Hong, Haiping ^{[24
]}

Horton, Mark ^{[24
]}

Hwang, Kyo Sik ^{[25
]}

Iorio, Carlo S. ^{[16
]}

Jang, Seok Pil ^{[25
]}

Jarzebski, Andrzej B. ^{[17
]}

Jiang, Yiran ^{[2
]}

Jin, Liwen ^{[26
]}

Kabelac, Stephan ^{[27
]}

Kamath, Aravind ^{[6
]}

Kedzierski, Mark A. ^{[28
]}

Kieng, Lim Geok ^{[29
]}

Kim, Chongyoup ^{[30
]}

Kim, Ji-Hyun ^{[7
]}

Kim, Seokwon ^{[30
]}

Lee, Seung Hyun ^{[25
]}

Leong, Kai Choong ^{[26
]}

机构：

[1] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[2] IIT, Chicago, IL USA

[3] Olin Coll Engn, Needham, MA 02492 USA

[4] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA

[5] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Mat Res Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA

[6] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA

[7] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Energy Engn, Ulsan Metropolitan City, South Korea

[8] Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan

[9] CEA, IRAMIS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[10] METSS Corp, Westerville, OH 43082 USA

[11] Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Aerosp Engn, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[12] SASOL N Amer, Westlake, LA 70669 USA

[13] Univ Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[14] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA

[15] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India

[16] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[17] Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland

[18] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

[19] IBM Res GmbH, Zurich Res Lab, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland

[20] ETH, Dept Mech & Proc Engn, Lab Thermodynam Emerging Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

[21] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Ctr Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

[22] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[23] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA

[24] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA

[25] Koria Aerosp Univ, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Goyang City 412791, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea

[26] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore

[27] Univ Hamburg, Inst Thermodynam, D-22039 Hamburg, Germany

[28] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA

[29] DSO Natl Labs, Singapore 118230, Singapore

[30] Korea Univ, Seoul 136713, South Korea

[31] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India

[32] Indira Gandhi Ctr Atom Res, Met & Mat Grp, SMARTS, NDED, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India

[33] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Engn & Mat Sci, London E1 4NS, England

[34] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS | 2009年 / 106卷 / 09期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

HEAT-TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS; SUSPENSIONS; MODEL; LIQUID; FLOW;

D O I：

10.1063/1.3245330

中图分类号：

O59 [应用物理学];

学科分类号：

摘要：

This article reports or, the international Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE. in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or "nanofluids", was measured by over 30 organizations worldwide, using, a variety of experimental approaches, including the transient hot wire method, steady-state methods, and optical methods. The nanofluids tested in the exercise were comprised of aqueous and nonaqueous basefluids, metal and metal oxide particles, near-spherical and elongated particles, at low and high particle concentrations. The data analysis reveals that the data from most organizations lie within a relatively narrow band (+/- 10% or less) about the sample average with only few outliers. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was found to increase with particle concentration and aspect ratio. as expected from classical theory. There are (small) systematic differences in the absolute values of the nanofluid thermal conductivity among the various experimental approaches; however. such differences tend to disappear when the data are normalized to the Measured thermal conductivity of the basefluid. The effective medium theory developed for dispersed particles by Maxwell in 1881 and recently generalized by Nan et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 81, 6692 (1997)], was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity was achieved in the nanofluids tested in this exercise. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3245330]

引用

页数：14

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