Glyphosate toxicity and carcinogenicity: a review of the scientific basis of the European Union assessment and its differences with IARC

被引:258
作者
Tarazona, Jose V. [1 ]
Court-Marques, Daniele [1 ]
Tiramani, Manuela [1 ]
Reich, Hermine [1 ]
Pfeil, Rudolf [2 ]
Istace, Frederique [1 ]
Crivellente, Federica [1 ]
机构
[1] European Food Safety Author, Pesticides Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1-A, I-43126 Parma, Italy
[2] BfR Fed Inst Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
关键词
Glyphosate; Toxicity; Carcinogenicity; IARC; EFSA; Public health; Consumer risk; HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA; ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MECHANISTIC DATA; IPCS FRAMEWORK; MODE; HERBICIDE; WEIGHT; RELEVANCE; EVOLUTION;
D O I
10.1007/s00204-017-1962-5
中图分类号
R99 [毒物学(毒理学)];
学科分类号
100405 ;
摘要
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. It is a broad spectrum herbicide and its agricultural uses increased considerably after the development of glyphosate-resistant genetically modified (GM) varieties. Since glyphosate was introduced in 1974, all regulatory assessments have established that glyphosate has low hazard potential to mammals, however, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded in March 2015 that it is probably carcinogenic. The IARC conclusion was not confirmed by the EU assessment or the recent joint WHO/FAO evaluation, both using additional evidence. Glyphosate is not the first topic of disagreement between IARC and regulatory evaluations, but has received greater attention. This review presents the scientific basis of the glyphosate health assessment conducted within the European Union (EU) renewal process, and explains the differences in the carcinogenicity assessment with IARC. Use of different data sets, particularly on long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity in rodents, could partially explain the divergent views; but methodological differences in the evaluation of the available evidence have been identified. The EU assessment did not identify a carcinogenicity hazard, revised the toxicological profile proposing new toxicological reference values, and conducted a risk assessment for some representatives uses. Two complementary exposure assessments, human-biomonitoring and food-residues-monitoring, suggests that actual exposure levels are below these reference values and do not represent a public concern.
引用
收藏
页码:2723 / 2743
页数:21
相关论文
共 93 条
[11]  
Blaylock Russell Lane, 2015, Surg Neurol Int, V6, P163, DOI 10.4103/2152-7806.167212
[12]   IPCS framework for analyzing the relevance of a noncancer mode of action for humans [J].
Boobis, Alan R. ;
Doe, John E. ;
Heinrich-Hirsch, Barbara ;
Meek, M. E. ;
Munn, Sharon ;
Ruchirawat, Mathuros ;
Schlatter, Josef ;
Seed, Jennifer ;
Vickers, Carolyn .
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY, 2008, 38 (02) :87-96
[13]   IPCS framework for analyzing the relevance of a cancer mode of action for humans [J].
Boobis, Alan R. ;
Cohen, Samuel M. ;
Dellarco, Vicki ;
McGregor, Douglas ;
Meek, M. E. ;
Vickers, Carolyn ;
Willcocks, Deborah ;
Farland, William .
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY, 2006, 36 (10) :781-792
[14]   Interpreting In Vitro Micronucleus Positive Results: Simple Biomarker Matrix Discriminates Clastogens, Aneugens, and Misleading Positive Agents [J].
Bryce, Steven M. ;
Bemis, Jeffrey C. ;
Mereness, Jared A. ;
Spellman, Richard A. ;
Moss, Jocelyn ;
Dickinson, Donna ;
Schuler, Maik J. ;
Dertinger, Stephen D. .
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, 2014, 55 (07) :542-555
[15]   In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of atrazine and atrazine-based herbicide on fish Carassius auratus using the micronucleus test and the comet assay [J].
Cavas, Tolga .
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2011, 49 (06) :1431-1435
[16]   Use of mode of action in risk assessment: Past, present, and future [J].
Clewell, H .
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 2005, 42 (01) :3-14
[17]   Influence of the spray adjuvant on the toxicity effects of a glyphosate formulation [J].
Coalova, Isis ;
Rios de Molina, Maria del Carmen ;
Chaufan, Gabriela .
TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO, 2014, 28 (07) :1306-1311
[18]   Use of mechanistic data in IARC evaluations [J].
Cogliano, Vincent James ;
Boan, Robert A. ;
Straif, Kurt ;
Grosse, Yann ;
Secretan, Beatrice ;
Ghissassi, Fatiha El .
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, 2008, 49 (02) :100-109
[19]   A weight of evidence assessment approach for adverse outcome pathways [J].
Collier, Zachary A. ;
Gust, Kurt A. ;
Gonzalez-Morales, Benette ;
Gong, Ping ;
Wilbanks, Mitchell S. ;
Linkov, Igor ;
Perkins, Edward J. .
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, 2016, 75 :46-57
[20]   Unidentified inert ingredients in pesticides: Implications for human and environmental health [J].
Cox, Caroline ;
Surgan, Michael .
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, 2006, 114 (12) :1803-1806