NO is necessary and sufficient for egg activation at fertilization

被引:146
作者
Kuo, RK
Baxter, GT
Thompson, SH
Stricker, SA
Patton, C
Bonaventura, J
Epel, D [1 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, Program Neurosci, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[3] Cornell Univ, Knight Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
[4] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
[5] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA
[6] Duke Marine Biomed Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm, Pivers Isl, NC 28516 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1038/35020577
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The early steps that lead to the rise in calcium and egg activation at fertilization are unknown but of great interest-particularly with the advent of in vitro fertilization techniques for treating male infertility and whole-animal cloning by nuclear transfer. This calcium rise is required for egg activation and the subsequent events of development in eggs of all species(1,2). Injection of intact sperm or sperm extracts can activate eggs, suggesting that sperm-derived factors may be involved. Here we show that nitric oxide synthase is present at high concentration and active in sperm after activation by the acrosome reaction. An increase in nitrosation within eggs is evident seconds after insemination and precedes the calcium pulse of fertilization. Microinjection of nitric oxide donors or recombinant nitric oxide synthase recapitulates events of egg activation, whereas prior injection of oxyhaemoglobin, a physiological nitric oxide scavenger, prevents egg activation after fertilization. We conclude that nitric oxide synthase and nitric-oxide-related bioactivity satisfy the primary criteria of an egg activator: they are present in an appropriate place, active at an appropriate time, and are necessary and sufficient for successful fertilization.
引用
收藏
页码:633 / 636
页数:4
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