Temperature dependence of the threshold current density of a quantum dot laser

Detailed theoretical analysis of the temperature dependence of threshold current density of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) laser is given. Temperature dependences of the threshold current density components associated with the radiative recombination in QD's and in the optical confinement layer (OCL) are calculated. Violation of the charge neutrality in QD's is shown to give rise to the slight temperature dependence of the current density component associated with the recombination in QD's, The temperature is calculated (as a function of the parameters of the structure) at which the components of threshold current density become equal to each other. Temperature dependences of the optimum surface density of QD's and the optimum thickness of the OCL, minimizing the threshold current density, are obtained. The characteristic temperature of QD laser T-0 is calculated for the first time considering carrier recombination in the OCL (barrier regions) and violation of the charge neutrality in QD's, The inclusion of violation of the charge neutrality is shown to be critical for the correct calculation of T-0. The characteristic temperature is shown to fall off profoundly with increasing temperature, A drastic decrease in T-0 is shown to occur in passing from temperature conditions wherein the threshold current density is controlled by radiative recombination in QD's to temperature conditions wherein the threshold current density is controlled by radiative recombination in the OCL, The dependences of T-0 on the root mean square of relative QD size fluctuations, total losses, and surface density of QD's are obtained.