Mutations in the N-terminal region of influenza virus PB2 protein affect virus RNA replication but not transcription

PB2 mutants of influenza virus were prepared by altering conserved positions in the N-terminal region of the protein that aligned with the amino acids of the eIF4E protein, involved in cap recognition. These mutant genes were used to reconstitute in vivo viral ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) whose biological activity was determined by (i) assay of viral RNA, cRNA, and mRNA accumulation in vivo, (ii) cap-dependent transcription in vitro, and (iii) cap snatching with purified recombinant RNPs. The results indicated that the W49A, F130A, and R142A mutations of PB2 reduced or abolished the capacity of mutant RNPs to synthesize RNA in vivo but did not substantially alter their ability to transcribe or carry out cap snatching in vitro. Some of the mutations (F130Y, R142A, and R142K) were rescued into infectious virus. While the F130Y mutant virus replicated faster than the wild type, mutant viruses R142A and R142K showed a delayed accumulation of cRNA and viral RNA during the infection cycle but normal kinetics of primary transcription, as determined by the accumulation of viral mRNA in cells infected in the presence of cycloheximide. These results indicate that the N-terminal region of PB2 plays a role in viral RNA replication.