Guanosine protects SH-SYSY cells against β-amyloid-induced apoptosis

Apoptosis is implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Extracellular guanosine inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in astrocytes. We examined whether guanosine protects SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells against beta-amyloid (betaA)-induced apoptosis. Addition of betaA (fragment 25-35, 5 muM for 24 h) to SH-SY5Y cells increased the number of apoptotic cells, as evaluated by oligonucleosome ELISA. Guanosine pre-treatment decreased betaA-induced apoptosis (maximal effect after 24 h, 300 muM, p < 0.05). The anti-apoptotic effect of guanosine was reduced by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) (p < 0.05). Guanosine increased phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, and this was abolished by inhibiting PI3K or MEK, (p < 0.001, 5 min). Thus, the protective effect of guanosine against beta A-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells is mediated via activation of the PI3K/Akt/PKB and MAPK pathways.