Non-Dendritic Zn Electrodeposition Enabled by Zincophilic Graphene Substrates

Rechargeable zinc (Zn) batteries suffer from poor cycling performance that can be attributed to dendrite growth and surface-originated side reactions. Herein, we report that cycling performance of Zn metal anode can be improved significantly by utilizing monolayer graphene (Gr) as the electrodeposition substrate. Utilizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, we demonstrate that electrodeposited Zn on Gr substrate has a compact, uniform, and nondendritic character. The Gr layer, due to its high lattice compatibility with Zn, provides low nucleation overpotential sites for Zn electrodeposition. Atomistic calculations indicate that Gr has strong affinity to Zn (binding energy of 4.41 eV for Gr with four defect sites), leading to uniform distribution of Zinc adatoms all over the Gr surface. This synergistic compatibility between Gr and Zn promotes subsequent homogeneous and planar Zn deposits with low interfacial energy (0.212 J/m(2)) conformal with the current collector surface.