Multiport-readout frame-transfer 5 megapixel CCD imaging system for TEM applications

A multiport-readout, frame-transfer charge-coupled device (CCD) digital imaging system has been successfully developed and tested for intermediate-high-voltage electron microscopy (IVEM) applications up to 400 keV. The system employs a back-thinned CCD with 2560 x 1960 pixels and a pixel size of 24 mu m x 24 mu m. In the current implementation, four of the eight on-chip readout ports are used in parallel each operating at a pixel rate of 1- or 2-MHz so that the entire CCD array can be read out in as short as 0.6 s. The frame-transfer readout functions as an electronic shutter which permits the rapid transfer of charges in the active pixels to four masked buffers where the charges are readout and digitized while the active area of the CCD is integrating the next frame. With a thin film-based phosphor screen and a high-performance lens relay, the system has a conversion factor of 2.1 digital units per incident electron at 400 keV, and a modulation transfer function value of 14% at the Nyquist frequency. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.