Protollin-MV is a vaccine produced by mixing split measles virus (MV) antigen with the novel adjuvant Protollin(TM) (Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins non-covalently complexed with Shigella flextneri 2a lipopolysaccharide). Intranasal immunization of mice with two or three doses of Protollin-MV induces both serum IgG and mucosal IgA with strong neutralizing activity. There is a dose-dependent shift towards lower IgG(1):IgG(2a), ratios and MV-specific IFNgamma production in splenocytes. Intranasal Protollin-MV can therefore induce systemic and mucosal neutralizing antibody responses as well as elicit a balanced T-H 1/T(H)2-type response. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.