PREFERENTIAL INHIBITION OF THE ONCOGENIC FORM OF RASH BY MUTATIONS IN THE GAP BINDING EFFECTOR DOMAIN

The double mutation, D33H/P34S, reduced the transforming activity of oncogenic Ras(H) proteins, G12V and Q61L, 400- and 20-fold, respectively. Remarkably, this same mutation did not reduce the transforming activity of normal Ras(H), nor did it impair the ability of the protein to restore a functional Ras pathway in cells whose endogenous Ras proteins were inhibited. Another mutation in this region, D38N, had similar effects. The mutations reduced downstream coupling efficiency of normal Ras as assessed by yeast adenylyl cyclase stimulation. However, this was offset by decreased GTPase activating protein (GAP) binding, since the latter resulted in elevated GTP-bound mutant Ras in cells. The mutations produced a similar decrease in downstream coupling efficiency of oncogenic Ras, but decreased GAP binding did not compensate because the GTPase activity of oncogenic Ras is not stimulated by GAP. These results imply that preferential inactivation of oncogenic Ras in human tumors may be achieved by reagents designed to inhibit the GAP-binding/"effector" domain of Ras proteins.