EFFICACY-PERFORMANCE SPIRALS - A MULTILEVEL PERSPECTIVE

This article explores the possibility of efficacy-perfonnance spirals in individuals, groups. and organizations. Spirals are deviation-amplifying loops in which the positive, cyclic relationship between perceived efficacy and performance builds upon itself. Collective efficacy is defined, and upward and downward spirals am considered. Evidence from multiple levels of analysis Is presented, and factors affecting the occurrence, continuation, and stopping of spirals am proposed. In addition, we consider compositional and cross-level effects by proposing factors that will moderate the relationship between spirals at different levels of analysis. Overall. 15 propositions are presented cia guidelines for future research.