CELL-FREE SYNTHESIS OF PECTIN - IDENTIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYGALACTURONATE 4-ALPHA-GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE AND ITS PRODUCTS FROM MEMBRANE PREPARATIONS OF TOBACCO CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES

Polygalacturonate 4-alpha-galacturonosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.43) activity has been identified in microsomal membranes isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun) cell-suspension cultures. Incubation of UDP-[C-14]galacturonic acid with tobacco membranes results in a time-dependent incorporation of [C-14]galacturonic acid into a chloroform-methanol-precipitable and 65% ethanol-insoluble product. The optimal synthesis of product occurs at a pH of 7.8, 25 to 30 degrees C, an apparent K-m for UDP-D-galacturonic acid of approximately 8.9 mu M, and a V-max of approximately 150 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein. The product was characterized by scintillation counting, thin-layer chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, and gel-filtration chromatography in combination with enzymatic and chemical treatments. The intact product has a molecular mass of approximately 105,000 D based on dextran molecular standards. The product was treated with base to hydrolyze ester linkages (e.g. methyl esters), digested with a homogeneous endopolygalacturonase (EPGase), or base and EPGase treated. Base and EPGase treatment results in cleavage of 34 to 89% of C-14-labeled product into components that co-chromatograph with mono-, di-, and trigalacturonic acid, indicating that a large portion of product contains contiguous 1,4-linked alpha-D-galactosyluronic acid residues. Optimal EPGase fragmentation of the product requires base treatment prior to enzymatic digestion, suggesting that 45 to 67% of the galacturonic acid residues in the synthesized homogalacturonan are esterified. At least 40% of the base-sensitive linkages were shown to be methyl esters by comparing the sensitivity of base-treated and pectin methylesterase-treated products to fragmentation by EPGase.