Anomalous Diffusion Effects in Silicon (A Review)

This paper is concerned with anomalous diffusion effects in silicon, and particularly with the emitter-dip (or push-out) effect, which occurs in diffused transistors. Several possible mechanisms may be involved in anomalous diffusion and each is discussed, together with relevant experimental and theoretical work. Literature directly on the emitter-dip effect is next reviewed, and finally the author suggests fields of research which may clarify the mechanism or mechanisms involved.