印度-亚洲碰撞大地构造

被引：291

作者：

许志琴

杨经绥

李海兵

嵇少丞

张泽明

刘焰

机构：

[1] 中国地质科学院地质研究所国土资源部大陆动力学重点实验室

来源：

地质学报 | 2011年 / 85卷 / 01期

关键词：

印度-亚洲碰撞; 大地构造; 主碰撞; 斜向碰撞;

D O I：

暂无

中图分类号：

P541 [地球动力学与大地构造理论];

学科分类号：

摘要：

印度-亚洲碰撞是新生代地球上最为壮观的重大地质事件。碰撞及碰撞以来,青藏高原的广大地域发生了与碰撞前截然不同的变形,地貌、环境及其深部结构都发生了深刻地变化。根据青藏高原形成、周缘造山带崛起以及大量物质侧向逃逸的基本格局,作者从大陆动力学视角出发,将"印度-亚洲碰撞大地构造"与"前碰撞大地构造"区别开来进行研究,将印度-亚洲碰撞的大地构造单元划分为:青藏中央高原、冈底斯-喜马拉雅主俯冲/碰撞造山带、青藏高原周缘挤压转换造山带和侧向挤出地体群等,其中青藏中央高原即青藏腹地,"冈底斯-喜马拉雅主俯冲/碰撞造山带"包括冈底斯"安第斯山型"俯冲造山带和"喜马拉雅山型"主碰撞造山带,青藏高原周缘挤压转换造山带包括北缘"西昆仑-阿尔金-祁连"挤压转换造山带、东缘"龙门山-锦屏山"挤压转换造山带、东南缘"中缅"伊洛瓦底挤压转换造山带和西南缘"印-巴-阿"阿莱曼挤压转换造山带,侧向挤出地体群包括青藏高原东构造结东南部以大型走滑断裂:鲜水河-小江、哀牢山-红河、澜沧江、嘉黎-高黎贡、那邦和三盖断裂为边界的南松甘、兰坪、保山、腾冲等挤出地体群;以及青藏高原西构造结两侧的"甜水海、""兴都库什"、"喀布尔"和"阿富汗"侧向挤出地体群。本文探讨了上述各构造单元形成的主要制约因素,例如:楔形印度小板块与亚洲大板块的碰撞以及印度大陆东西拐角的构造作用,主碰撞和斜向碰撞的影响,大型走滑与侧向挤出地体的形成关系,挤压与走滑并重的挤压转换机制对整个青藏高原和周缘造山带形成的制约,碰撞大地构造单元的特性以及与前碰撞大地构造的区别和叠置或改造的关系等等。最后,本文还基于青藏高原地幔结构探讨印度-亚洲碰撞大地构造学及青藏高原大陆动力学的意义。

引用

页码：1 / 33

页数：33

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