Electrochemical deposition of indium sulfide thin films using two-step pulse biasing

Indium sulfide thin films were deposited onto indium-tin-oxide coated glass substrate by electrochemical deposition from an aqueous solution containing In-2 (SO4)(3) and Na2S2O3. The deposition conditions were optimized on the basis of data obtained by scanning electron microscope, Auger electron spectroscopy and optical transmission measurements. Furthermore, the photosensitivity of the films was observed by means of photoelectrochemical measurements, which confirmed that the indium sulfide showed n-type conduction. The X-ray diffraction and Raman studies revealed that the as-grown films were amorphous or nanocrystalline in nature and became polycrystalline In2S3 after annealing. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.