Ultralow-power electronics for biomedical applications

被引:172
作者
Chandrakasan, Anantha P. [1 ]
Verma, Naveen [1 ]
Daly, Denis C. [1 ]
机构
[1] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
关键词
ultralow-power circuits; energy harvesting; subthreshold operation; CMOS; implantable devices; wireless communication;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.bioeng.10.061807.160547
中图分类号
R318 [生物医学工程];
学科分类号
0831 ;
摘要
The electronics of a general biomedical device consist of energy delivery, analog-to-digital conversion, signal processing, and communication subsystems. Each of these blocks must be designed for minimum energy, consumption. Specific design techniques, such as aggressive voltage scaling, dynamic power-perfomance management, and energy-efficient signaling, must be employed to adhere to the stringent energy constraint. The constraint itself is set by the energy source, so energy, harvesting holds tremendous promise toward enabling sophisticated systems without straining user lifestyle. Further, once harvested, efficient delivery of the low-energy levels, as well as robust operation in the aggressive low-power modes, requires careful understanding and treatment of the specific design limitations that dominate this realm. We outline the performance and power constraints of biomedical devices, and present circuit techniques to achieve complete systems operating down to power levels of microwatts. In all cases, approaches that leverage advanced technology trends ire emphasized.
引用
收藏
页码:247 / 274
页数:28
相关论文
共 94 条
[41]   Wireless capsule endoscopy [J].
Iddan, G ;
Meron, G ;
Glukhovsky, A ;
Swain, P .
NATURE, 2000, 405 (6785) :417-417
[42]  
Jan M. R., 2003, Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
[43]  
JOHANSSON A, 2004, IEEE C ENG MED BIOL, V3, P2113
[44]  
Kalayjian Z., 1996, P 22 EUR SOL STAT CI, P308
[45]   Fully integrated passive UHF RFID transponder IC with 16.7-μW minimum RF input power [J].
Karthaus, U ;
Fischer, M .
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, 2003, 38 (10) :1602-1608
[46]   EFFECT OF RANDOMNESS IN DISTRIBUTION OF IMPURITY IONS ON FET THRESHOLDS IN INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS [J].
KEYES, RW .
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, 1975, 10 (04) :245-247
[47]  
Kim S., 2006, P IEEE S VLSI CIRC, P55
[48]  
KIM S, 2007, IEEE INT SOL STAT CI, V207, P154
[49]   Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances [J].
Kurs, Andre ;
Karalis, Aristeidis ;
Moffatt, Robert ;
Joannopoulos, J. D. ;
Fisher, Peter ;
Soljacic, Marin .
SCIENCE, 2007, 317 (5834) :83-86
[50]   Variation-driven device sizing for minimum energy sub-threshold circuits [J].
Kwong, Joyce ;
Chandrakasan, Anantha P. .
ISLPED '06: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LOW POWER ELECTRONICS AND DESIGN, 2006, :8-13