Probing the Nature of Defects in Graphene by Raman Spectroscopy

被引:1821
作者
Eckmann, Axel [1 ,2 ]
Felten, Alexandre [3 ,4 ]
Mishchenko, Artem [5 ]
Britnell, Liam [5 ]
Krupke, Ralph [4 ]
Novoselov, Kostya S. [5 ]
Casiraghi, Cinzia [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England
[2] Univ Manchester, Photon Sci Inst, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England
[3] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Phys, Berlin, Germany
[4] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany
[5] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
Graphene; Raman spectroscopy; defects; conductive AFM; BALLISTIC TRANSPORT; DISORDER;
D O I
10.1021/nl300901a
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Raman spectroscopy is able to probe disorder in graphene through defect-activated peaks. It is of great interest to link these features to the nature of disorder. Here we present a detailed analysis of the Raman spectra of graphene containing different type of defects. We found that the intensity ratio of the D and D' peak is maximum (similar to 13) for sp(3)-defects, it decreases for vacancy-like defects (similar to 7), and it reaches a minimum for boundaries in graphite (similar to 3.5). This makes Raman Spectroscopy a powerful tool to fully characterize graphene.
引用
收藏
页码:3925 / 3930
页数:6
相关论文
共 45 条
[1]  
Banhart F, 2011, ACS NANO, V5, P26, DOI [10.1021/nn102598m, 10.1016/B978-0-08-102053-1.00005-3]
[2]   Theory of resonant multiphonon Raman scattering in graphene [J].
Basko, D. M. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 2008, 78 (12)
[3]   Temperature-dependent transport in suspended graphene [J].
Bolotin, K. I. ;
Sikes, K. J. ;
Hone, J. ;
Stormer, H. L. ;
Kim, P. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2008, 101 (09)
[4]  
Bolotin K.I., ARXIV08022389
[5]   Hydrogen on graphene: Electronic structure, total energy, structural distortions and magnetism from first-principles calculations [J].
Boukhvalov, D. W. ;
Katsnelson, M. I. ;
Lichtenstein, A. I. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 2008, 77 (03)
[6]  
Boukhvalov DW, 2008, NANO LETT, V8, P4373, DOI [10.1021/nl802234n, 10.1021/nl802098g]
[7]   Field-Effect Tunneling Transistor Based on Vertical Graphene Heterostructures [J].
Britnell, L. ;
Gorbachev, R. V. ;
Jalil, R. ;
Belle, B. D. ;
Schedin, F. ;
Mishchenko, A. ;
Georgiou, T. ;
Katsnelson, M. I. ;
Eaves, L. ;
Morozov, S. V. ;
Peres, N. M. R. ;
Leist, J. ;
Geim, A. K. ;
Novoselov, K. S. ;
Ponomarenko, L. A. .
SCIENCE, 2012, 335 (6071) :947-950
[8]   Measuring the absolute Raman cross section of nanographites as a function of laser energy and crystallite size [J].
Cancado, L. G. ;
Jorio, A. ;
Pimenta, M. A. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 2007, 76 (06)
[9]   Quantifying Defects in Graphene via Raman Spectroscopy at Different Excitation Energies [J].
Cancado, L. G. ;
Jorio, A. ;
Martins Ferreira, E. H. ;
Stavale, F. ;
Achete, C. A. ;
Capaz, R. B. ;
Moutinho, M. V. O. ;
Lombardo, A. ;
Kulmala, T. S. ;
Ferrari, A. C. .
NANO LETTERS, 2011, 11 (08) :3190-3196
[10]   Influence of the atomic structure on the Raman spectra of graphite edges -: art. no. 247401 [J].
Cançado, LG ;
Pimenta, MA ;
Neves, BRA ;
Dantas, MSS ;
Jorio, A .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2004, 93 (24)