Control of Polymer-Packing Orientation in Thin Films through Synthetic Tailoring of Backbone Coplanarity

被引:216
作者
Chen, Mark S. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Niskala, Jeremy R. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Unruh, David A. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Chu, Crystal K. [1 ,2 ]
Lee, Olivia P. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Frechet, Jean M. J. [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia
关键词
conjugated polymers; packing orientation; backbone coplanarity; isoindigo; organic field-effect transistors; organic photovoltaics; SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; HIGH-MOBILITY; CHAIN ORIENTATION; MOLECULAR DESIGN; SIDE-CHAINS; BAND-GAP; PERFORMANCE; TRANSISTORS;
D O I
10.1021/cm402489a
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Controlling solid-state order of pi-conjugated polymers through macromolecular design is essential for achieving high electronic device performance; yet, it remains a challenge, especially with respect to polymer-packing orientation. Our work investigates the influence of backbone coplanarity on a polymer's preference to pack face-on or edge-on relative to the substrate. Isoindigo-based polymers were synthesized with increasing planarity by systematically substituting thiophenes for phenyl rings in the acceptor comonomer. This increasing backbone coplanarity, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of representative trimers, leads to the narrowing of polymer band gaps as characterized by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Among the polymers studied, regiosymmetric II and TII polymers exhibited the highest hole mobilities in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), while in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), TBII polymers that display intermediate levels of planarity provided the highest power conversion efficiencies. Upon thin-film analysis by atomic force microscropy (AFM) and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), we discovered that polymer-packing orientation could be controlled by tuning polymer planarity and solubility. Highly soluble, planar polymers favor face-on orientation in thin films while the less soluble, nonplanar polymers favor an edge-on orientation. This study advances our fundamental understanding of how polymer structure influences nanostructural order and reveals a new synthetic strategy for the design of semiconducting materials with rationally engineered solid-state properties.
引用
收藏
页码:4088 / 4096
页数:9
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