Identification of gate electrode discontinuities in submicron CMOS technologies, and effect on circuit performance

An experiment to determine the effect of gate electrode resistivity on circuit speed gave unexpected results: circuits with the lowest sheet resistance had the poorest circuit speed, Explanation of this behavior required development of a new high-frequency method of measuring the impedance of the gate electrode, This method revealed that the circuits with a composite gate electrode had been formed with a partial discontinuity, The measurement technique is described, and the evidence of the discontinuity is shown, The effect of the discontinuity on device and circuit speed is demonstrated.