Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world's ocean

被引：1080

作者：

Halpern, Benjamin S. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Frazier, Melanie ^{[3
]}

Potapenko, John ^{[4
]}

Casey, Kenneth S. ^{[5
]}

Koenig, Kellee ^{[6
]}

Longo, Catherine ^{[3
]}

Lowndes, Julia Stewart ^{[3
]}

Rockwood, R. Cotton ^{[7
]}

Selig, Elizabeth R. ^{[6
]}

Selkoe, Kimberly A. ^{[3
,8
]}

Walbridge, Shaun ^{[9
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[2] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[3] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA

[4] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[5] NOAA, Natl Ctrs Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA

[6] Conservat Int, Betty & Gordon Moore Ctr Sci & Oceans, Arlington, VA 22202 USA

[7] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA

[8] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA

[9] Boston Off, ESRI, Middleton, MA 01949 USA

来源：

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 2015年 / 6卷

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; MARINE; SUSTAINABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; STRESSORS; AREAS; MAP;

D O I：

10.1038/ncomms8615

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Human pressures on the ocean are thought to be increasing globally, yet we know little about their patterns of cumulative change, which pressures are most responsible for change, and which places are experiencing the greatest increases. Managers and policymakers require such information to make strategic decisions and monitor progress towards management objectives. Here we calculate and map recent change over 5 years in cumulative impacts to marine ecosystems globally from fishing, climate change, and ocean- and land-based stressors. Nearly 66% of the ocean and 77% of national jurisdictions show increased human impact, driven mostly by climate change pressures. Five percent of the ocean is heavily impacted with increasing pressures, requiring management attention. Ten percent has very low impact with decreasing pressures. Our results provide large-scale guidance about where to prioritize management efforts and affirm the importance of addressing climate change to maintain and improve the condition of marine ecosystems.

引用

页数：7

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