Organisation of carbon and boron nitride layers in mixed nanoparticles and nanotubes synthesised by arc discharge

被引:45
作者
Suenaga, K [1 ]
Willaime, F
Loiseau, A
Colliex, C
机构
[1] Univ Paris Sud, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France
[2] Meijo Univ, Dept Phys, JST, ICORP, Nagoya, Aichi 4688502, Japan
[3] CEA Saclay, Rech Met Phys Sect, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[4] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France
[5] Univ Paris Sud, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France
来源
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING | 1999年 / 68卷 / 03期
关键词
D O I
10.1007/s003390050892
中图分类号
T [工业技术];
学科分类号
08 ;
摘要
The spatial distribution of the chemical species (B, C, N and Hf) present in multi-element nanoparticles and nanotubes produced by are-discharging a hafnium diboride rod with a graphite rod in a nitrogen atmosphere has been investigated by means of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). These analyses revealed some common features within the non-homogeneous graphitic layers of the composite products found in the anode deposit: (i) the EELS fine structure of the absorption edges of the sp(2) bonds attests for the presence of ordered BN domains and of carbon domains; (ii) the elemental profiles show that BN layers and carbon layers are immiscible with a radial organisation into two to five domains; and (iii) the sets of layers at free surfaces - including the inner surfaces of tubes - are always made of carbon. The origin of this chemical organisation, which is most likely obtained during the growth, is discussed. For the hafnium-boride metallic particles coated by C/BN envelopes, a model based on the solidification from the outside to the inside of isolated liquid-like droplets is proposed: the carbon phase solidifies first according to theoretical phase diagrams, and forms the outer shells. For the tubes, a directional eutectic solidification process is shown to account for the observed C/BN/C sequence, in a vapour-liquid-solid scheme, with an hafnium-rich liquid-like particle at the tip of the tube.
引用
收藏
页码:301 / 308
页数:8
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