Body composition assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Comparison of prone and supine measurements

The aim of the study was to assess whether changes in the interposition of body compartments affect the results of body composition measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the fan-beam mode. Thirty healthy subjects underwent two sequential measurements: the first was performed in the supine position as described by the manufacturer, and the second in the prone position, Estimates of body composition were compared between the two measurements. Mean body weight did not differ between measurements ([mean +/- SD] supine v prone, 68.561 +/- 12.461 v 68.589 +/- 12.469 kg). Mean bone mineral content (BMC) was lower in the prone position versus the supine position. When the head was excluded, this difference reached statistical significance (supine v prone, 1,738 +/- 361 v 1,688 +/- 360 g, P = .0001). The mean fat tissue mass (FTM) was lower and lean tissue mass (LTM) higher in the prone measurements. When the head was excluded, the mean FTM difference between the two measurements became greater (FTM supine v prone, 25.129 +/- 10.445 v 24.030 +/- 10.388 kg, P = .0001; LTM supine v prone, 37.309 +/- 9.357 v 38.246 +/- 9.150 kg, P = .0001). It is concluded that the positioning of the patient on the examination tal,le affects DEXA body composition measurements by the fan-beam mode. This could imply a lack of accuracy of the method, which may be due to subtle changes in regional tissue depth and fat distribution caused by patient repositioning. Copyright (C) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company.