Planck early results. XXIV. Dust in the diffuse interstellar medium and the Galactic halo

被引：145

作者：

Abergel, A. ^{[1
]}

Ade, P. A. R. ^{[69
]}

Aghanim, N. ^{[1
]}

Arnaud, M. ^{[56
]}

Ashdown, M. ^{[5
,54
]}

Aumont, J. ^{[1
]}

Baccigalupi, C. ^{[67
]}

Balbi, A. ^{[29
]}

Banday, A. J. ^{[8
,62
,73
]}

Barreiro, R. B. ^{[51
]}

Bartlett, J. G. ^{[4
,52
]}

Battaner, E. ^{[75
]}

Benabed, K. ^{[46
]}

Benoit, A. ^{[45
]}

Bernard, J. -P. ^{[8
,73
]}

Bersanelli, M. ^{[26
,41
]}

Bhatia, R. ^{[6
]}

Blagrave, K. ^{[7
]}

Bock, J. J. ^{[52
]}

Bonaldi, A. ^{[37
]}

Bond, J. R. ^{[7
]}

Borrill, J. ^{[61
,70
]}

Bouchet, F. R. ^{[46
]}

Boulanger, F. ^{[1
]}

Bucher, M. ^{[4
]}

Burigana, C. ^{[40
]}

Cabella, P. ^{[29
]}

Cantalupo, C. M. ^{[61
]}

Cardoso, J. -F. ^{[4
,46
,57
,58
]}

Catalano, A. ^{[4
,55
]}

Cayon, L. ^{[19
]}

Challinor, A. ^{[10
,48
,54
]}

Chamballu, A. ^{[44
]}

Chiang, L. -Y ^{[47
]}

Chiang, C. ^{[18
]}

Christensen, P. R. ^{[30
]}

Clements, D. L. ^{[44
]}

Colombi, S. ^{[46
]}

Couchot, F. ^{[60
]}

Coulais, A. ^{[55
]}

Crill, B. P. ^{[52
]}

Cuttaia, F. ^{[40
]}

Danese, L. ^{[67
]}

Davies, R. D. ^{[53
]}

Davis, R. J. ^{[53
]}

de Bernardis, P. ^{[25
]}

de Gasperis, G. ^{[29
]}

de Rosa, A. ^{[40
]}

de Zotti, G. ^{[37
,67
]}

Delabrouille, J. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR8617, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Batiment 121, F-91405 Orsay, France

[2] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland

[3] ESRIN, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, Frascati, Italy

[4] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR7164, Paris, France

[5] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England

[6] ALMA Santiago Cent Off, Santiago, Chile

[7] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

[8] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

[9] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[10] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Math Sci, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England

[11] CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[12] Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Copenhagen, Denmark

[13] Univ Laval, Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt, Quebec City, PQ, Canada

[14] Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain

[15] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

[16] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada

[17] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland

[18] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[19] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[20] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[21] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA

[22] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[23] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[24] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[25] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[26] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy

[27] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy

[28] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy

[29] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy

[30] Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[31] ULL, Dpto Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain

[32] ESO Vitacura, European So Observ, Santiago 19001, Chile

[33] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Planck Sci Off, Madrid, Spain

[34] European Space Agcy, ESTEC, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands

[35] Aalto Univ, Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland

[36] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Catania, Italy

[37] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Padua, Italy

[38] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

[39] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Trieste, Italy

[40] INAF, IASF Bologna, Bologna, Italy

[41] INAF, IASF Milano, Milan, Italy

[42] Univ Paris 11, INRIA, Lab Rech Informat, F-91405 Orsay, France

[43] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, INSU, IPAG, F-38041 Grenoble, France

[44] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England

[45] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38041 Grenoble, France

[46] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, Paris, France

[47] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan

[48] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[49] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Oslo, Norway

[50] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2011年 / 536卷

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会;

关键词：

infrared: ISM; methods: data analysis; dust; extinction; submillimeter: ISM; Galaxy: halo; local insterstellar matter; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; HIGH-VELOCITY; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; LOW-METALLICITY; H-I; CIRRUS CLOUDS; FUSE SURVEY; COMPLEX-C; EMISSION; GAS;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201116485

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

This paper presents the first results from a comparison of Planck dust maps at 353, 545 and 857 GHz, along with IRAS data at 3000 9100 mu m) and 5000 GHz 960 mu m), with Green Bank Telescope 21-cm observations of H I in 14 fields covering more than 800 deg(2) at high Galactic latitude. The main goal of this study is to estimate the far-infrared to sub-millimeter (submm) emissivity of dust in the diffuse local interstellar medium (ISM) and in the intermediate-velocity (IVC) and high-velocity clouds (HVC) of the Galactic halo. Galactic dust emission for fields with average H I column density lower than 2 x 10(20) cm(-2) is well correlated with 21-cm emission because in such diffuse areas the hydrogen is predominantly in the neutral atomic phase. The residual emission in these fields, once the H I-correlated emission is removed, is consistent with the expected statistical properties of the cosmic infrared background fluctuations. The brighter fields in our sample, with an average H I column density greater than 2 x 10(20) cm(-2), show significant excess dust emission compared to the H I column density. Regions of excess lie in organized structures that suggest the presence of hydrogen in molecular form, though they are not always correlated with CO emission. In the higher H I column density fields the excess emission at 857 GHz is about 40% of that coming from the H I, but over all the high latitude fields surveyed the molecular mass faction is about 10%. Dust emission from IVCs is detected with high significance by this correlation analysis. Its spectral properties are consistent with, compared to the local ISM values, significantly hotter dust (T similar to 20K), lower submm dust opacity normalized per H-atom, and a relative abundance of very small grains to large grains about four times higher. These results are compatible with expectations for clouds that are part of the Galactic fountain in which there is dust shattering and fragmentation. Correlated dust emission in HVCs is not detected; the average of the 99.9% confidence upper limits to the emissivity is 0.15 times the local ISM value at 857 and 3000 GHz, in accordance with gas phase evidence for lower metallicity and depletion in these clouds. Unexpected anti-correlated variations of the dust temperature and emission cross-section per H atom are identified in the local ISM and IVCs, a trend that continues into molecular environments. This suggests that dust growth through aggregation, seen in molecular clouds, is active much earlier in the cloud condensation and star formation processes.

引用

页数：30

共 101 条

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Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bonaldi, A.
Bonavera, L.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Cabella, P.
Cappellini, B.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chary, R. -R.
Chen, X.
Chiang, L. -Y
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Cuttaia, F.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
Davis, R. J.
de Bernardis, P.
de Gasperis, G.
de Rosa, A.
de Zotti, G.
Delabrouille, J.
Delouis, J. -M.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →

共 101 条

[1] Planck early results. XV. Spectral energy distributions and radio continuum spectra of northern extragalactic radio sources
Aatrokoski, J.
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Aller, H. D.
Aller, M. F.
Angelakis, E.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Berdyugin, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bonaldi, A.
Bonavera, L.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Burrows, D. N.
Cabella, P.
Capalbi, M.
Cappellini, B.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cavazzuti, E.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chary, R. -R.
Chiang, L. -Y
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colafrancesco, S.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Cutini, S.
Cuttaia, F.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[2] Planck early results. XXV. Thermal dust in nearby molecular clouds
Abergel, A.
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bock, J. J.
Bonaldi, A.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Boulanger, F.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Cabella, P.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chiang, L. -Y.
Chiang, C.
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Cuttaia, F.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
Davis, R. J.
de Bernardis, P.
de Gasperis, G.
de Rosa, A.
de Zotti, G.
Delabrouille, J.
Delouis, J. -M.
Desert, F. -X.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[3] Planck early results. XXIV. Dust in the diffuse interstellar medium and the Galactic halo
Abergel, A.
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Blagrave, K.
Bock, J. J.
Bonaldi, A.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Boulanger, F.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Cabella, P.
Cantalupo, C. M.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chiang, L. -Y
Chiang, C.
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Cuttaia, F.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
Davis, R. J.
de Bernardis, P.
de Gasperis, G.
de Rosa, A.
de Zotti, G.
Delabrouille, J.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[4] Planck early results. II. The thermal performance of Planck
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Baker, M.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhandari, P.
Bhatia, R.
Bock, J. J.
Bonaldi, A.
Bond, J. R.
Borders, J.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Bowman, B.
Bradshaw, T.
Breelle, E.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Butler, R. C.
Cabella, P.
Camus, P.
Cantalupo, C. M.
Cappellini, B.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chambelland, J. P.
Charra, J.
Charra, M.
Chiang, L. -Y.
Chiang, C.
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Collaudin, B.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[5] Planck early results. I. The Planck mission
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Baker, M.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Bennett, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bock, J. J.
Bonaldi, A.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Bradshaw, T.
Bremer, M.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Butler, R. C.
Cabella, P.
Cantalupo, C. M.
Cappellini, B.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Carr, R.
Casale, M.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Charra, J.
Chary, R. -R.
Chiang, L. -Y.
Chiang, C.
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Crone, G.
Crook, M.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[6] Planck early results. VI. The High Frequency Instrument data processing
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Ansari, R.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Banday, A. J.
Bartelmann, M.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bock, J. J.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Boulanger, F.
Bradshaw, T.
Bucher, M.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Castex, G.
Catalano, A.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chary, R. -R.
Chen, X.
Chiang, C.
Church, S.
Clements, D. L.
Colley, J. -M.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Cressiot, C.
Crill, B. P.
Crook, M.
de Bernardis, P.
Delabrouille, J.
Delouis, J. -M.
Desert, F. -X.
Dolag, K.
Dole, H.
Dore, O.
Douspis, M.
Dunkley, J.
Efstathiou, G.
Filliard, C.
Forni, O.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[7] Planck early results. XIX. All-sky temperature and dust optical depth from Planck and IRAS. Constraints on the "dark gas" in our Galaxy
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bock, J. J.
Bonaldi, A.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Boulanger, F.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Cabella, P.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chiang, L. -Y
Chiang, C.
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Cuttaia, F.
Dame, T. M.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
Davis, R. J.
de Bernardis, P.
de Gasperis, G.
de Rosa, A.
de Zotti, G.
Delabrouille, J.
Delouis, J. -M.
Desert, F. -X.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[8] Planck early results. XX. New light on anomalous microwave emission from spinning dust grains
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J-P
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bock, J. J.
Bonaldi, A.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Boulanger, F.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Cabella, P.
Cappellini, B.
Cardoso, J-F
Casassus, S.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chary, R-R
Chen, X.
Chiang, L-Y
Chiang, C.
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Cuttaia, F.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
Davis, R. J.
de Bernardis, P.
de Gasperis, G.
de Rosa, A.
de Zotti, G.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[9] Planck early results. XXII. The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bock, J. J.
Bonaldi, A.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Boulanger, F.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Cabella, P.
Cantalupo, C. M.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chiang, L. -Y
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Cuttaia, F.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
de Bernardis, P.
de Gasperis, G.
de Rosa, A.
de Zotti, G.
Delabrouille, J.
Delouis, J. -M.
Desert, F. -X.
Dickinson, C.
Doi, Y.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536
[10] Planck early results. XIV. ERCSC validation and extreme radio sources
Ade, P. A. R.
Aghanim, N.
Angelakis, E.
Arnaud, M.
Ashdown, M.
Aumont, J.
Baccigalupi, C.
Balbi, A.
Banday, A. J.
Barreiro, R. B.
Bartlett, J. G.
Battaner, E.
Benabed, K.
Benoit, A.
Bernard, J. -P.
Bersanelli, M.
Bhatia, R.
Bonaldi, A.
Bonavera, L.
Bond, J. R.
Borrill, J.
Bouchet, F. R.
Bucher, M.
Burigana, C.
Cabella, P.
Cappellini, B.
Cardoso, J. -F.
Catalano, A.
Cayon, L.
Challinor, A.
Chamballu, A.
Chary, R. -R.
Chen, X.
Chiang, L. -Y
Christensen, P. R.
Clements, D. L.
Colombi, S.
Couchot, F.
Coulais, A.
Crill, B. P.
Cuttaia, F.
Danese, L.
Davies, R. D.
Davis, R. J.
de Bernardis, P.
de Gasperis, G.
de Rosa, A.
de Zotti, G.
Delabrouille, J.
Delouis, J. -M.
[J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2011, 536

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