Quantitation of circumferential subpixel vessel wall position and wall shear stress by multiple sectored three-dimensional paraboloid modeling of velocity encoded cine MR

Methods are lacking for accurate, noninvasive circumferential edge detection and wall shear stress calculation. Using standard MR phase contrast sequences, parts of the velocity profiles were fitted to a multiple sectored three-dimensional paraboloid model enabling exact calculation of vessel wall position and wall shear stress in 24 locations evenly distributed around the luminal vessel wall. The model was evaluated by in vitro scans and computer simulations and applied to the common carotid artery of humans. In vitro, the luminal area of a glass tube was assessed with an error of 0.9%. Computer simulations of peak systolic data revealed errors of +/-0.9% (vessel area) and +/-3.25% (wall shear stress), The in vivo results showed substantial difference between anterior and posterior wall shear stress values due to skewed velocity profiles. A new noninvasive method for highly accurate measurement of circumferential subpixel vessel wall position and wall shear stress has been developed.