Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: an overview

被引:474
作者
Raimondi, Sara [1 ]
Maisonneuve, Patrick [1 ]
Lowenfels, Albert B. [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] European Inst Oncol, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, I-20141 Milan, Italy
[2] New York Med Coll, Dept Surg, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
[3] New York Med Coll, Dept Community Med, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
关键词
BODY-MASS INDEX; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; HEALTH-AARP DIET; K-RAS MUTATIONS; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RISK-FACTOR; HEREDITARY PANCREATITIS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; GERMLINE MUTATIONS;
D O I
10.1038/nrgastro.2009.177
中图分类号
R57 [消化系及腹部疾病];
学科分类号
摘要
Pancreatic cancer, although infrequent, has an exceptionally high mortality rate, making it one of the four or five most common causes of cancer mortality in developed countries. The incidence of pancreatic cancer varies greatly across regions, which suggests roles for lifestyle factors, such as diet, or environmental factors, such as vitamin D exposure. Smoking is the most common known risk factor, and is the cause of 20-25% of all pancreatic tumors. Alcohol does not seem to be a risk factor, unless it leads to chronic pancreatitis, which is a probable risk factor. Long-standing diabetes increases the risk of pancreatic cancer, but can also be an early manifestation of pancreatic tumors. 5-10% of patients with pancreatic cancer have an underlying germline disorder, while the remaining percentage of cancer cases is thought to be caused by somatic mutations. Some individual studies suggest that mutations in various polymorphic genes can lead to small increases in the risk of pancreatic cancer, but these findings need to be replicated. Rising prevalence of smoking in developing countries, improved diagnosis and increasing population longevity are all likely to increase the global burden of pancreatic cancer in the coming decades.
引用
收藏
页码:699 / 708
页数:10
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