Cadmium: cellular effects, modifications of biomolecules, modulation of DNA repair and genotoxic consequences (a review)

被引:751
作者
Bertin, G. [1 ]
Averbeck, D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Ctr Univ Orsay, Inst Curie, UMR 2027, CNRS,CEA,LCR, F-91405 Orsay, France
关键词
cadmium; DNA damage; DNA repair; oxidative stress;
D O I
10.1016/j.biochi.2006.10.001
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Cadmium is an important toxic environmental heavy metal. Occupational and environmental pollution with cadmium results mainly from mining, metallurgy industry and manufactures of nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments and plastic stabilizers. Important sources of human intoxication are cigarette smoke as well as food, water and air contaminations. In humans, cadmium exposures have been associated with cancers of the prostate, lungs and testes. Acute exposures are responsible for damage to these organs. Chronic intoxication is associated with obstructive airway disease, emphysema, irreversible renal failure, bone disorders and immuno-suppression. At the cellular level, cadmium affects proliferation, differentiation and causes apoptosis. It has been classified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However, it is weakly genotoxic. Indirect effects of cadmium provoke generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. Cadmium modulates also gene expression and signal transduction, reduces activities of proteins involved in antioxidant defenses. Several studies have shown that it interferes with DNA repair. The present review focuses on the effects of cadmium in mammalian cells with special emphasis on the induction of damage to DNA, membranes and proteins, the inhibition of different types of DNA repair and the induction of apoptosis. Current data and hypotheses on the mechanisms involved in cadmium genotoxicity and carcitiogenesis are outlined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1549 / 1559
页数:11
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