Entropy fluctuation theorems in driven open systems: Application to electron counting statistics

被引:106
作者
Esposito, Massimiliano
Harbola, Upendra
Mukamel, Shaul
机构
[1] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
[2] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA
来源
PHYSICAL REVIEW E | 2007年 / 76卷 / 03期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevE.76.031132
中图分类号
O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];
学科分类号
070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;
摘要
The total entropy production generated by the dynamics of an externally driven systems exchanging energy and matter with multiple reservoirs and described by a master equation is expressed as the sum of three contributions, each corresponding to a distinct mechanism for bringing the system out of equilibrium: Nonequilibrium initial conditions, external driving, and breaking of detailed balance. We derive three integral fluctuation theorems (FTs) for these contributions and show that they lead to the following universal inequality: An arbitrary nonequilibrium transformation always produces a change in the total entropy production greater than or equal to the one produced if the transformation is done very slowly (adiabatically). Previously derived fluctuation theorems can be recovered as special cases. We show how these FTs can be experimentally tested by performing the counting statistics of the electrons crossing a single level quantum dot coupled to two reservoirs with externally varying chemical potentials. The entropy probability distributions are simulated for driving protocols ranging from the adiabatic to the sudden switching limit.
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页数:17
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