Planck 2013 results. IV. Low Frequency Instrument beams and window functions

被引:50
作者
Aghanim, N. [59 ]
Armitage-Caplan, C. [92 ]
Arnaud, M. [73 ]
Ashdown, M. [6 ,70 ]
Atrio-Barandela, F. [17 ]
Aumont, J. [59 ]
Baccigalupi, C. [86 ]
Banday, A. J. [8 ,95 ]
Barreiro, R. B. [66 ]
Battaner, E. [96 ]
Benabed, K. [60 ,94 ]
Benoit, A. [57 ]
Benoit-Levy, A. [24 ,60 ,94 ]
Bernard, J. -P. [8 ,95 ]
Bersanelli, M. [34 ,49 ]
Bielewicz, P. [8 ,86 ,95 ]
Bobin, J. [73 ]
Bock, J. J. [9 ,68 ]
Bonaldi, A. [69 ]
Bond, J. R. [7 ]
Borrill, J. [12 ,89 ]
Bouchet, F. R. [60 ,94 ]
Bridges, M. [6 ,63 ,70 ]
Bucher, M. [1 ]
Burigana, C. [32 ,48 ]
Butler, R. C. [48 ]
Cardoso, J. -F. [1 ,60 ,74 ,75 ]
Catalano, A. [72 ,76 ]
Chamballu, A. [14 ,59 ,73 ]
Chiang, L. -Y [62 ]
Christensen, P. R. [37 ,83 ]
Church, S. [91 ]
Colombi, S. [60 ,94 ]
Colombo, L. P. L. [23 ,68 ]
Crill, B. P. [68 ,84 ]
Curto, A. [6 ,66 ]
Cuttaia, F. [48 ]
Danese, L. [86 ]
Davies, R. D. [69 ]
Davis, R. J. [69 ]
de Bernardis, P. [33 ]
de Rosa, A. [48 ]
de Zotti, G. [44 ,86 ]
Delabrouille, J. [1 ]
Dickinson, C. [69 ]
Diego, J. M. [66 ]
Dole, H. [58 ,59 ]
Donzelli, S. [49 ]
Dore, O. [9 ,68 ]
Douspis, M. [59 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,lrfu,APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France
[2] Aalto Univ Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland
[3] African Inst Math Sci, Cape Town, South Africa
[4] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[5] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy
[6] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England
[7] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto M5S 3H8, ON, Canada
[8] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France
[9] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[10] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Theoret Cosmol, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England
[11] Ctr Estudios Fis Cosmos Aragon, Teruel 44001, Spain
[12] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[13] CSIC, Madrid, Spain
[14] CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[15] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
[16] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
[17] Univ Salamanca, Dept Fis Fundamental, Fac Ciencias, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
[18] Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain
[19] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada
[20] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
[21] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[22] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
[23] Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letter Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[24] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England
[25] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
[26] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland
[27] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[28] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[29] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[30] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL USA
[31] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[32] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
[33] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[34] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy
[35] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[36] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy
[37] Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[38] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38206, Spain
[39] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Planck Sci Off, Madrid, Spain
[40] European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2201 Noordwijk, Netherlands
[41] Haverford Coll, Dept Astron, Haverford, PA USA
[42] Aalto Univ, Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland
[43] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Catania, Italy
[44] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Padua, Italy
[45] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
[46] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Trieste, Italy
[47] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
[48] INAF IASF Bologna, Bologna, Italy
[49] INAF IASF Milano, Milan, Italy
[50] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
基金
芬兰科学院;
关键词
methods: data analysis; cosmic background radiation; telescopes; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; PRE-LAUNCH STATUS; POWER SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE; MAPS; ERRORS;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201321544
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
This paper presents the characterization of the in-flight beams, the beam window functions, and the associated uncertainties for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI). Knowledge of the beam profiles is necessary for determining the transfer function to go from the observed to the actual sky anisotropy power spectrum. The main beam distortions affect the beam window function, complicating the reconstruction of the anisotropy power spectrum at high multipoles, whereas the sidelobes affect the low and intermediate multipoles. The in-flight assessment of the LFI main beams relies on the measurements performed during Jupiter observations. By stacking the data from multiple Jupiter transits, the main beam profiles are measured down to -20 dB at 30 and 44 GHz, and down to -25 dB at 70 GHz. The main beam solid angles are determined to better than 0.2% at each LFI frequency band. The Planck pre-launch optical model is conveniently tuned to characterize the main beams independently of any noise effects. This approach provides an optical model whose beams fully reproduce the measurements in the main beam region, but also allows a description of the beams at power levels lower than can be achieved by the Jupiter measurements themselves. The agreement between the simulated beams and the measured beams is better than 1% at each LFI frequency band. The simulated beams are used for the computation of the window functions for the effective beams. The error budget for the window functions is estimated from both main beam and sidelobe contributions, and accounts for the radiometer bandshapes. The total uncertainties in the effective beam window functions are: 2% and 1.2% at 30 and 44 GHz, respectively (at l approximate to 600), and 0.7% at 70 GHz (at l approximate to 1000).
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