Glial calcium: Homeostasis and signaling function

被引:561
作者
Verkhratsky, A [1 ]
Orkand, RK
Kettenmann, H
机构
[1] Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, Dept Cellular Neurosci, Berlin, Germany
[2] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Neurobiol, San Juan, PR 00901 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.99
中图分类号
Q4 [生理学];
学科分类号
071003 ;
摘要
Glial cells respond to various electrical, mechanical, and chemical stimuli, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones, with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)). The increases exhibit a variety of temporal and spatial patterns. These [Ca2+](i) responses result from the coordinated activity of a number of molecular cascades responsible for Ca2+ movement into or out of the cytoplasm either by way of the extracellular space or intracellular stores. Transplasmalemmal Ca2+ movements may be controlled by several types of voltage-and ligand-gated Ca2+-permeable channels as well as Ca2+ pumps and a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. In addition, glial cells express various metabotropic receptors coupled to intracellular Ca2+ stores through the intracellular messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The interplay of different molecular cascades enables the development of agonist-specific patterns of Ca2+ responses. Such agonist specificity may provide a means for intracellular and intercellular information coding. Calcium signals can traverse gal, junctions between glial cells without decrement. These waves can serve as a substrate for integration of glial activity. By controlling gap junction conductance, Ca2+ waves may define the limits of functional glial networks. Neuronal activity can trigger [Ca2+](i) signals in apposed glial cells, and moreover, there is some evidence that glial [Ca2+](i) waves can affect neurons. Glial Ca2+ signaling can be regarded as a form of glial excitability.
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页码:99 / 141
页数:43
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