DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF GALACTIC INTERSTELLAR EMISSION FOR STANDARD POINT-SOURCE ANALYSIS OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DATA

被引：314

作者：

Acero, F. ^{[1
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[2
]}

Ajello, M. ^{[3
]}

Albert, A. ^{[4
,5
]}

Baldini, L. ^{[4
,5
,6
,7
]}

Ballet, J. ^{[1
]}

Barbiellini, G. ^{[8
,9
]}

Bastieri, D. ^{[10
,11
]}

Bellazzini, R. ^{[7
]}

Bissaldi, E. ^{[12
]}

Bloom, E. D. ^{[4
,5
]}

Bonino, R. ^{[13
,14
]}

Bottacini, E. ^{[4
,5
]}

Brandt, T. J. ^{[15
]}

Bregeon, J. ^{[16
]}

Bruel, P. ^{[17
]}

Buehler, R. ^{[2
]}

Buson, S. ^{[15
,18
,19
,20
]}

Caliandro, G. A. ^{[4
,5
,21
]}

Cameron, R. A. ^{[4
,5
]}

Caragiulo, M. ^{[12
]}

Caraveo, P. A. ^{[22
]}

Casandjian, J. M. ^{[1
]}

Cavazzuti, E. ^{[23
]}

Cecchi, C. ^{[24
,25
]}

Charles, E. ^{[4
,5
]}

Chekhtman, A. ^{[26
,27
]}

Chiang, J. ^{[4
,5
]}

Chiaro, G. ^{[11
]}

Ciprini, S. ^{[23
,24
,28
]}

Claus, R. ^{[4
,5
]}

Cohen-Tanugi, J. ^{[16
]}

Conrad, J. ^{[29
,30
]}

Cuoco, A. ^{[13
,14
]}

Cutini, S. ^{[23
,24
,28
]}

D'Ammando, F. ^{[31
,32
]}

de Angelis, A. ^{[33
,34
]}

de Palma, F. ^{[12
,35
]}

Desiante, R. ^{[13
,36
]}

Digel, S. W. ^{[4
,5
]}

Di Venere, L. ^{[37
,38
]}

Drell, P. S. ^{[4
,5
]}

Favuzzi, C. ^{[12
,37
,38
]}

Fegan, S. J. ^{[17
]}

Ferrara, E. C. ^{[15
]}

Focke, W. B. ^{[4
,5
]}

Franckowiak, A. ^{[4
,5
]}

Funk, S. ^{[39
]}

Fusco, P. ^{[12
,37
,38
]}

Gargano, F. ^{[12
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA,IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[2] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

[3] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA

[4] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[5] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[6] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[7] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[8] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[9] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[10] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[11] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[12] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[13] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[14] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amadeo Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[15] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[16] Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, F-34059 Montpellier, France

[17] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[18] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[19] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[20] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[21] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy

[22] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[23] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[24] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[25] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[26] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[27] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[28] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy

[29] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[30] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[31] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[32] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy

[33] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[34] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[35] Univ Telemat Pegaso, Piazza Trieste & Trento 48, I-80132 Naples, Italy

[36] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[37] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[38] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[39] Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

[40] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

[41] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

[42] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan

[43] Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, 1 UNF Dr, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA

[44] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

[45] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China

[46] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects, Kunming 650216, Peoples R China

[47] Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, Dunhaga 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland

[48] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[49] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[50] Inst Space Sci IEEC CSIC, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES | 2016年 / 223卷 / 02期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家航空航天局;

关键词：

gamma rays: diffuse background; gamma rays: general; gamma rays: ISM; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; COSMIC-RAY; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; COLUMN DENSITY; MILKY-WAY; X-RAY; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; DUST PROPERTIES; HELIUM SPECTRA;

D O I：

10.3847/0067-0049/223/2/26

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Most of the celestial. rays detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the interstellar medium when energetic cosmic rays interact with interstellar nucleons and photons. Conventional point-source and extended-source studies rely on the modeling of this diffuse emission for accurate characterization. Here, we describe the development of the Galactic Interstellar Emission Model (GIEM), which is the standard adopted by the LAT Collaboration and is publicly available. This model is based on a linear combination of maps for interstellar gas column density in Galactocentric annuli and for the inverse-Compton emission produced in the Galaxy. In the GIEM, we also include large-scale structures like Loop. I and the Fermi bubbles. The measured gas emissivity spectra confirm that the cosmic-ray proton density decreases with Galactocentric distance beyond 5 kpc from the Galactic Center. The measurements also suggest a softening of the proton spectrum with Galactocentric distance. We observe that the Fermi bubbles have boundaries with a shape similar to a catenary at latitudes below 20 degrees and we observe an enhanced emission toward their base extending in the north and south Galactic directions and located within similar to 4 degrees of the Galactic Center.

引用

页数：23

共 137 条

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Caraveo, P. A.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cecchi, C.
Celik, Oe .
Charles, E.
Chaty, S.
Chaves, R. C. G.
Chekhtman, A.
Chen, A. W.
Chiang, J.
Chiaro, G.
Ciprini, S.
Claus, R.
Cognard, I.
Cohen-Tanugi, J.
Cominsky, L. R.
Conrad, J.
Cutini, S.
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Bouvier, A.
Bregeon, J.
Brez, A.
Brigida, M.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Burnett, T. H.
Buson, S.
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Cameron, R. A.
Caraveo, P. A.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cecchi, C.
Celik, Oe
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Chekhtman, A.
Chiang, J.
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Claus, R.
Cohen-Tanugi, J.
Conrad, J.
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Digel, S. W.
do Couto e Silva, E.
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Dumora, D.
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Brigida, M.
Bruel, P.
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Cameron, R. A.
Caraveo, P. A.
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← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 →

共 137 条

[1] Detection of a gamma-ray source in the Galactic Center consistent with extended emission from dark matter annihilation and concentrated astrophysical emission
Abazajian, Kevork N.
Kaplinghat, Manoj
[J]. PHYSICAL REVIEW D, 2012, 86 (08):
[2] THE SECOND FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE CATALOG OF GAMMA-RAY PULSARS
Abdo, A. A.
Ajello, M.
Allafort, A.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Baring, M. G.
Bastieri, D.
Belfiore, A.
Bellazzini, R.
Bhattacharyya, B.
Bissaldi, E.
Bloom, E. D.
Bonamente, E.
Bottacini, E.
Brandt, T. J.
Bregeon, J.
Brigida, M.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Burgay, M.
Burnett, T. H.
Busetto, G.
Buson, S.
Caliandro, G. A.
Cameron, R. A.
Camilo, F.
Caraveo, P. A.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cecchi, C.
Celik, Oe .
Charles, E.
Chaty, S.
Chaves, R. C. G.
Chekhtman, A.
Chen, A. W.
Chiang, J.
Chiaro, G.
Ciprini, S.
Claus, R.
Cognard, I.
Cohen-Tanugi, J.
Cominsky, L. R.
Conrad, J.
Cutini, S.
D'Ammando, F.
De Angelis, A.
DeCesar, M. E.
De Luca, A.
Den Hartog, P. R.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2013, 208 (02)
[3] FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF γ-RAY EMISSION FROM THE MOON
Abdo, A. A.
Ackermann, M.
Ajello, M.
Atwoo, W. B.
Baldini, L.
Ballet, J.
Barbiellini, G.
Bastieri, D.
Bechtol, K.
Bellazzini, R.
Berenji, B.
Blandford, R. D.
Bonamente, E.
Borgland, A. W.
Bottacini, E.
Bouvier, A.
Bregeon, J.
Brigida, M.
Bruel, P.
Buehler, R.
Buson, S.
Caliandro, G. A.
Cameron, R. A.
Caraveo, P. A.
Casandjian, J. M.
Cecchi, C.
Charles, E.
Chekhtman, A.
Chiang, J.
Ciprini, S.
Claus, R.
Cohen-Tanugi, J.
Conrad, J.
Cutini, S.
D'Ammando, F.
de Angelis, A.
de Palma, F.
Dermer, C. D.
Digel, S. W.
Silva, E. do Couto E
Drell, P. S.
Drlica-Wagner, A.
Dubois, R.
Favuzzi, C.
Fegan, S. J.
Focke, W. B.
Fortin, P.
Fukazawa, Y.
Funk, S.
Fusco, P.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2012, 758 (02)
[4] FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF TWO GAMMA-RAY EMISSION COMPONENTS FROM THE QUIESCENT SUN
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