In vitro leishmanicidal activity of monomeric and dimeric naphthoquinones

A series of monomeric and dimeric naphthoquinones with potential for treatment of Leishmania infections was identified in vitro using both a direct cytotoxicity assay against extracellular promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infanturn, Leishmania enriettii, and Leishmania major and a test against intracellular amastigote L. donovani residing within murine macrophages. Several naphthoquinones proved to be active at concentrations in the microgram range (EC50 0.9-17.0 mu g/ml). When tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines (KB, SKMel, A549, MDA) and murine bone marrow culture-derived macrophages (BMM Phi) as mammalian host cell controls, compounds with anti-Leishmania-activity showed moderate (EC50 > 25 mu g/ml) to pronounced (EC50 < 10 mu g/ml) toxic effects. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.