Genome-wide analysis of chromatin status using tiling microarrays

The eukaryotic genome is packaged into chromatin, and chromatin modification and remodeling play an important role in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, recombination and repair. Recent findings have shown that various post-translational histone modifications cooperate to recruit different effector proteins that bring about mobilization of the nucleosomes and cause distinct downstream consequences. The combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using antibodies directed against the core histones or specific histone modifications, with high-resolution tiling microarray analysis allows the examination of nucleosome occupancy and historic modification status genome-wide. Comparing genome-wide chromatin status with global gene expression patterns can reveal causal connections between specific patterns of historic modifications and the resulting gene expression. Here, we describe current methods based on recent advances in microarray technology to conduct such studies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.