Correction for head movements in positron emission tomography using an optical motion-tracking system

Methods capable of correcting for head motion in all six degrees of freedom have been proposed for positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging but not yet demonstrated in human studies. These methods rely on the accurate measurement of head motion in relation to the reconstruction coordinate frame. We present methodology for the direct calibration of an optical motion-tracking system to the reconstruction coordinate frame using paired coordinate measurements obtained simultaneously from a PET scanner and tracking system. We also describe the implementation of motion correction, based on the multiple acquisition frame method originally described by Picard and Thompson, using data provided by the motion tracking system. Effective compensation for multiple six-degree-of-freedom movements is demonstrated in dynamic PET scans of the Hoffman brain phantom and a normal volunteer. We conclude that reduced distortion and improved quantitative accuracy can be achieved with this method in PET brain studies degraded by head movements.