Planck 2013 results. VIII. HFI photometric calibration and mapmaking

被引:97
作者
Ade, P. A. R. [1 ,87 ]
Aghanim, N. [2 ,3 ,5 ,59 ]
Armitage-Caplan, C. [4 ,6 ,92 ]
Arnaud, M. [7 ,10 ,72 ]
Ashdown, M. [7 ,11 ,68 ]
Atrio-Barandela, F. [8 ,13 ,19 ]
Aumont, J. [9 ,31 ,59 ]
Baccigalupi, C. [10 ,33 ,86 ]
Banday, A. J. [11 ,49 ,95 ]
Barreiro, R. B. [11 ,59 ,65 ]
Battaner, E. [11 ,60 ,96 ]
Benabed, K. [11 ,60 ,63 ]
Benoit, A. [11 ,57 ,64 ]
Benoit-Levy, A. [11 ,25 ,66 ]
Bernard, J. -P. [11 ,86 ,95 ]
Bersanelli, M. [11 ,35 ,90 ]
Bertincourt, B. [11 ,59 ,94 ]
Bielewicz, P. [12 ,95 ]
Bobin, J. [12 ,72 ]
Bock, J. J. [12 ,66 ]
Bond, J. R. [10 ,15 ]
Borrill, J. [15 ,16 ]
Bouchet, F. R. [27 ,60 ]
Boulanger, F. [27 ,59 ]
Bridges, M. [33 ,68 ]
Bucher, M. [1 ,36 ]
Burigana, C. [38 ,49 ]
Cardoso, J. -F. [38 ,73 ,74 ]
Catalano, A. [43 ,75 ]
Challinor, A. [43 ,63 ]
Chamballu, A. [46 ,72 ]
Chary, R. -R. [47 ,56 ]
Chen, X. [50 ,56 ]
Chiang, H. C. [28 ,50 ]
Chiang, L. -Y [51 ,62 ]
Christensen, P. R. [51 ,82 ]
Church, S. [52 ,91 ]
Clements, D. L. [52 ,55 ]
Colombi, S. [53 ,60 ]
Colombo, L. P. L. [24 ,56 ]
Combet, C. [58 ,75 ]
Couchot, F. [59 ,69 ]
Coulais, A. [59 ,70 ]
Crill, B. P. [60 ,66 ]
Curto, A. [7 ,63 ]
Cuttaia, F. [49 ,65 ]
Danese, L. [66 ,86 ]
Davies, R. D. [66 ,67 ]
de Bernardis, P. [34 ,66 ]
de Rosa, A. [49 ,66 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris, F-75205 Paris 13, France
[2] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Aalto 00076, Finland
[3] Dept Radio Sci & Engn, Aalto 00076, Finland
[4] African Inst Math Sci, ZA-7701 Cape Town, Rondebosh, South Africa
[5] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[6] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00498 Rome, Italy
[7] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England
[8] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa
[9] Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Cent Off, Santiago 7630355, Chile
[10] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
[11] CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France
[12] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA
[13] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Theoret Cosmol, DAMTP, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England
[14] Centro Estudios Fis Cosmos Aragon, Teruel 44001, Spain
[15] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[16] CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
[17] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
[18] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
[19] Univ Salamanca, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Fundamental, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
[20] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada
[21] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
[22] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[23] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
[24] Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letter Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
[25] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England
[26] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
[27] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
[28] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[29] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[30] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[31] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL USA
[32] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[33] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
[34] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy
[35] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy
[36] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[37] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[38] Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
[39] European So Observ, ESO Vitacura, Santiago 19001, Chile
[40] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Planck Sci Off, Madrid, Spain
[41] European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands
[42] Haverford Coll, Dept Astron, Haverford, PA USA
[43] Aalto Univ, Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
[44] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
[45] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy
[46] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00044 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
[47] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
[48] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
[49] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
[50] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy
关键词
cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; surveys; methods: data analysis; PRE-LAUNCH STATUS; DUST EMISSION; 1ST DETECTION; COBE FIRAS; ANISOTROPY; SPECTRUM; DESIGN; DIRBE; MAPS; HI;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/201321538
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
This paper describes the methods used to produce photometrically calibrated maps from the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) cleaned, time-ordered information. HFI observes the sky over a broad range of frequencies, from 100 to 857 GHz. To obtain the best calibration accuracy over such a large range, two different photometric calibration schemes have to be used. The 545 and 857 GHz data are calibrated by comparing flux-density measurements of Uranus and Neptune with models of their atmospheric emission. The lower frequencies (below 353 GHz) are calibrated using the solar dipole. A component of this anisotropy is time-variable, owing to the orbital motion of the satellite in the solar system. Photometric calibration is thus tightly linked to mapmaking, which also addresses low-frequency noise removal. By comparing observations taken more than one year apart in the same configuration, we have identified apparent gain variations with time. These variations are induced by non-linearities in the read-out electronics chain. We have developed an effective correction to limit their effect on calibration. We present several methods to estimate the precision of the photometric calibration. We distinguish relative uncertainties (between detectors, or between frequencies) and absolute uncertainties. Absolute uncertainties lie in the range from 0.54% to 10% from 100 to 857 GHz. We describe the pipeline used to produce the maps from the HFI timelines, based on the photometric calibration parameters, and the scheme used to set the zero level of the maps a posteriori. We also discuss the cross-calibration between HFI and the SPIRE instrument on board Herschel. Finally we summarize the basic characteristics of the set of HFI maps included in the 2013 Planck data release.
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