Prospects of Nanotechnology in Clinical Immunodiagnostics

被引:42
作者
Ansari, Anees A. [1 ]
Alhoshan, Mansour [1 ,2 ]
Alsalhi, Mohamad S. [1 ,3 ]
Aldwayyan, Abdullah S. [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] King Saud Univ, King Abdullah Inst Nanotechnol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
[2] King Saud Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Coll Engn, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
[3] King Saud Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Coll Sci, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
关键词
nanotechnology; antibody; antigen; nanomaterials; immune-biosensors; REAGENTLESS AMPEROMETRIC IMMUNOSENSOR; DISPOSABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOSENSOR; ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY INTERACTIONS; CARBON NANOTUBES; QUANTUM DOTS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; MODIFIED ELECTRODES; MULTILAYER FILMS;
D O I
10.3390/s100706535
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Nanostructured materials are promising compounds that offer new opportunities as sensing platforms for the detection of biomolecules. Having micrometer-scale length and nanometer-scale diameters, nanomaterials can be manipulated with current nanofabrication methods, as well as self-assembly techniques, to fabricate nanoscale bio-sensing devices. Nanostructured materials possess extraordinary physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal and multifunctional properties. Such unique properties advocate their use as biomimetic membranes to immobilize and modify biomolecules on the surface of nanoparticles. Alignment, uniform dispersion, selective growth and diameter control are general parameters which play critical roles in the successful integration of nanostructures for the fabrication of bioelectronic sensing devices. In this review, we focus on different types and aspects of nanomaterials, including their synthesis, properties, conjugation with biomolecules and their application in the construction of immunosensing devices. Some key results from each cited article are summarized by relating the concept and mechanism behind each sensor, experimental conditions and the behavior of the sensor under different conditions, etc. The variety of nanomaterial-based bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions proves the unique properties of nanomaterials in such sensing devices, which will surely continue to expand in the future. Such nanomaterial based devices are expected to have a major impact in clinical immunodiagnostics, environmental monitoring, security surveillance and for ensuring food safety.
引用
收藏
页码:6535 / 6581
页数:47
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