Using Alu Elements as Polyadenylation Sites: A Case of Retroposon Exaptation

被引:73
作者
Chen, Chongjian [1 ,2 ]
Ara, Takeshi [3 ]
Gautheret, Daniel [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris 11, Inst Genet & Microbiol, CNRS, UMR 8621, F-91405 Orsay, France
[2] Zhongshan Univ, Key Lab Gene Engn, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Minist Educ, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[3] Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Chiba, Japan
关键词
MESSENGER-RNA POLYADENYLATION; HUMAN GENOME; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; UNTRANSLATED REGIONS; SELECTION; SIGNALS; GENES; RETROTRANSPOSON; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES;
D O I
10.1093/molbev/msn249
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Of the 1.1 million Alu retroposons in the human genome, about 10,000 are inserted in the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of protein-coding genes and 1% of these (107 events) are active as polyadenylation sites (PASs). Strikingly, although Alu's in 3' UTR are indifferently inserted in the forward or reverse direction, 99% of polyadenylation-active Alu sequences are forward oriented. Consensus Alu+ sequences contain sites that can give rise to polyadenylation signals and enhancers through a few point mutations. We found that the strand bias of polyadenylation-active Alu's reflects a radical difference in the fitness of sense and antisense Alu's toward cleavage/polyadenylation activity. In contrast to previous beliefs, Alu inserts do not necessarily represent weak or cryptic PASs; instead, they often constitute the major or the unique PAS in a gene, adding to the growing list of Alu exaptations. Finally, some Alu-borne PASs are intronic and produce truncated transcripts that may impact gene function and/or contribute to gene remodeling.
引用
收藏
页码:327 / 334
页数:8
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